Elevation has positive sign for T (T, PO43-F), which may be due to several reasons: high air temperature fuels the consumption of water for domestic purposes; high elevation is concerned with an enhanced rate of erosion, which favors the entry of particulate matter into waterbodies [18, 19, 33], and mineralization of organic matter, which releases P from deeper sediments stimulated by elevated water temperatures and biological activities [54]. The results are as follows. UDel_AirT_Precip data were obtained from the website of NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA. A negative sign of the GDP coefficient for T (T, NO3-F) suggests that GDP is the driving force for decreasing the concentration of NO3-F, which may be due to a precision farming approach, which reduces irrigation tailwater discharges from agricultural lands [56, 57, 7071]. HDI is calculated by the United Nations. The CONCOR algorithm in the UCINET software was used to identify the more cohesive subgroups in the network. The higher up you are, the colder and drier it will be. Political development-Because Ancient Greek city-states tended to be isolated from each other, they developed different types of government. ; formal analysis, X.X. Liu, H.-Y. Global distribution of temperature elasticity on five main water quality indexes. Mountain ranges are natural barriers to air movement. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. A high concentration of sediment load can be modulated via investment in conservative efforts and treatment facilities at catchment scale. Chai, D.; Zhang, D.; Sun, Y.; Yang, S.; Xiong, F. Research on the City Network Structure in the Yellow River Basin in China Based on Two-Way Time Distance Gravity Model and Social Network Analysis Method. Therefore, the coastal regions will stay cooler in summer and warmer in winter, thus creating a more moderate climate with a narrower temperature range. Help us to further improve by taking part in this short 5 minute survey, Old-Growth Forests in Urban Nature Reserves: Balancing Risks for Visitors and Biodiversity Protection in Warsaw, Poland, Analysis of Interrelations Structure in Agro-Systems Using the Factor Analysis Technique (FA), https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/left-Ticket/init, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, 1. Large bodies of water, such as oceans, seas and large lakes, can affect the climate of an area. In California, winds off the Pacific ocean carry moisture-laden air toward the coast. Evolution of economic relations pattern in Guanzhong-Tianshui Economic Zone based on a social network analysis method. several social, demographic, economic, political and historical factors affect population distribution. To summarize, this paper chooses the Hexi Corridor urban agglomeration as the research area, which is at the forefront of the opening up of the Belt and Road and located in an economically underdeveloped region with an extremely important geographical location. In this paper, the social network analysis software UCINET 6.2 was used to analyze the network density, centrality, and cohesive subgroups of the economic connection network of the urban agglomeration. Mountainous areas "Dynamic Evolution and Collaborative Development Model of Urban Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from the Perspective of Economic Flow" Land 12, no. Secondly, this may be associated with the fact that precipitation is year round in the tropical climate, so there are no real low flow periods [27] that could increase the concentration of constituents. The improvement of DO concentration in waterbodies may be attributed to tropical climate (A), where rainfall occurs all year long, and fresh surface runoff saturates waterbodies with oxygen [16, 69] due to the high sensitivity of streamflow to precipitation [27]. As altitude increases, the amount of gas molecules in the air decreasesthe air becomes less dense than air nearer to sea level. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. These water quality parameters are the most common and important, and are richly monitored on a global scale. Nie, X.-Y. Bevilacqua, C.; Sohrabi, P.; Hamdy, N. Spatializing Social Networking Analysis to Capture Local Innovation Flows towards Inclusive Transition. The majority of them are also nutrients leading to eutrophication. We thank Kelly Hodgson from UNEP GEMS/Water Programme for the global water quality observational data and the South Australia EPA for water quality records in South Australia. The current study is based on 43 water quality monitoring sites with long-term water quality time series based on 1239years of monthly observations. Country level GDP data were assigned to their corresponding watershed. affect farming. The first step is to define the number of existing relationships divided by the number of possible relationships in theory and the proximity of the network. Land 2023, 12, 274. 2: 274. Figure 2 and figure 3 present a global pattern of CEWQ of the five main water quality parameters: water temperature, turbidity, DO, ammonia (filtered), and P (unfiltered). Africa's physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately. Does facebook notify when you edit a comment? A protocol assesses the planned transport network infrastructure. where \overline T, \overline P and W\overline Q are the air temperature, precipitation and water quality at any given time, respectively. Economic Network and Economic growth of Urban Agglomeration: A Study based on Big data and network analysis method. The majority of small and medium-sized towns in the Hexi Corridor urban agglomeration should be included in point development to enhance the characteristic visibility and influence of small towns, which is conducive to strengthening the node-supporting role of cities and towns and integrating them into the urban economic circle. Spatial and temporal evolution of economic links between Lanzhou and Xining urban agglomeration based on the accessibility. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020274, Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. (4) Based on geographical proximity, the one axis, four circles, multiple points, and multiple channels synergistic development model, which breaks administrative barriers, becomes the endogenous driving force for the evolution of the economic network. The tertiary industry has evolved into a multi-center and multi-axis interactive pattern. Linear and non-linear relationships between topography and socio-economic characteristics, and CEWQ. Considering the bearing capacity of resources and the environment and integrating valuable industrial resources, four economic synergistic development zones can be built in the future by developing JinchangWuweis new nonferrous metal materials and ecological culture, GanzhouLinze GaotaiMinles emerging industries and ecological culture, DunhuangGuazhous historical and cultural tourism and ecological economy, and JiuquanJiayuguans new energy and historical culture to promote regionally differentiated and synergistic development. Factor # 1. The intensification of human socio-economic activities, along with fertilizer and manure application for crop production, has strong consequences for surface water quality. As air cools, this water vapor is forced to condense, depositing rain or snow on windward slopes. Economic development- Those city-states that were located on the Mediterranean Sea developed strong trading economies over sea trade routes. HSCJ201607). Weather can change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, month-to-month or even year-to-year. This is because geographical features include mountains, deserts, and water, which directly impact the movement of people and thus the movement of trade. How does geography affect business? - Geographical influences are one of the factors which have a great impact upon the businesses. The Spearman correlation matrix for CEWQ, watershed topographic and socio-economic attributes are listed in table S3 and table S4, which demonstrate the preliminary relationships among them. Export citation and abstract The dataset was not truncated when one station has more years of data than the other stations since elasticity depends upon the median value and captures the overall characteristics as well as being due to the unmanaged water quality data collection. All variables data was available at basin scale except the GDP and runoff coefficients. 2023. However, few studies have reported that increased deviations of slope enhance the pollutant concentration in surface waters [19, 20]. GDP positively favors P (P, P-UF), which might be linked with urbanization. The Greeks utilized the seas around their land to great advantage. As a result, humidity increases and orographic clouds and precipitation can develop. Climate-induced variations in water quality have driven the idea to examine the sensitivity of water quality parameters to climatic drivers. Will pfizer shareholders get viatris stock? What were the major differences between Athens and Sparta. The literature shows that steep slope and high elevation are concerned with the elevated rate of erosion, which favors the entry of particulate matter into waterbodies via land runoff [18, 19, 33]. The temperature characteristics of a region are influenced by natural factors such as latitude, elevation, and the presence of ocean currents. Wang, S.-J. There are basically two geographical features of Greece that had a profound effect on how Greeks lived. Wind and air masses. No special This paper analyzes the industrial functional connection of the Hexi Corridor urban agglomeration through the urban flow intensity and industrial functional complementarity index, calculates the economic connection intensity based on the revised gravity model, and uses social network analysis to explore the evolution of the economic network structure, drawing the following conclusions. ; funding acquisition, P.S. Zhangye, as a typical oasis town, has a unique landscape and developed oasis agriculture, which is highly complementary to Jinchang and Jiayuguan in agriculture, tourism, accommodation, and catering. Factors influencing global development Levels of development are determined by several factors: Physical factors some areas have a hostile or difficult landscape. Winds will also be gusty and spotting is more likely. ; software, X.X. Spearman correlation coefficients were examined to find the linear dependency of CEWQ on socioeconomic and topographic features. Some studies have confirmed that temperature is the most important controlling agent for other factors such as precipitation, catchment size on soil erosion and subsequently sediment flux [72, 74]. Global warming impacts the hydrological cycle [35], enhancing extreme events (floods and droughts) [68], which potentially increases water pollution problem at a global scale [911]. ; Kung, H.-T. Coupling coordination analysis and spatio-temporal heterogeneity between urbanization and eco-environment along the Silk Road Economic Belt in China. Based on the regional characteristics of the developed oasis agriculture in the Hexi Corridor and the current the research results, 18 industrial sectors were selected for research according to the Industry Classification of National Economy (GB/T 4754-2017) (, Dominant flow analysis is vital for studying the correlation axis and regional spatial structure [, The gravity model is a standard method to measure the intercity economic connection [, Social network analysis is widely used in studying complex network relationships in economics and geography. Lv, Y.; Chen, Y. Liu, W.; Cao, Y.; Wu, W.; Guo, J. Spatial impact analysis of trans-Yangtze highway fixed links: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta, China. Ariken, M.; Zhang, F.; Chan, N.W. Our team has collected thousands of questions that people keep asking in forums, blogs and in Google questions. Axis development model construction. the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, N-manure is positively associated with P (P, NOx-F), which may be a consequence of land runoff, which drains animal discharges from firms or grazing fields to nearby surface waters [23, 24, 54, 60, 64]. Water quality monitoring stations with long-term records on large rivers used in this study. (1) The overall function of the urban agglomeration is weak, the outward function of manufacturing is outstanding, the complementary network is highly complicated and evolving, and the environment and public service and tourism industry have apparent advantages. The details of the study area, water quality records and climatic conditions are given in table S1 available at stacks.iop.org/ERL/12/104012/mmedia and figure 1 [29]. Figure 1. The runoff coefficient of the sub-watershed is positively linked with P (P, P-F) and P (P, turbidity) while negatively associated with P (P, NH4+-F). Wu, K.; Fang, C.-L.; Zhao, M.-X. This enabled the Spartan citizens to train in the art of battle. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Under the green goals of the carbon peak and carbon neutrality, understanding how to develop the economy with high quality is an important issue facing regional development. Here we assess the impact of topographic and socio-economic factors on the climate sensitivity of surface water quality, estimated using an elasticity approach (climate elasticity of water quality (CEWQ)), and identify potential risks of instability in different regions and climatic conditions. The Coastal Range allows for some condensation and light precipitation. RIS. Africa, the second largest continent, is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean.It is divided almost equally in half by the Equator. Some studies have reported that the mean slope and elevation are associated with enhanced erosion rates, which subsequently speed up particulate material entry into surface waters [18, 21]. In comparison to Cwa, a subclass of temperate (C), Cfa and Cfb have higher contents of NO3-F, which may be due to climatic conditions that favor leaching of nitrogen from soil with time [75, 76], or irrigation tailwater discharge from conventional farming that favors the release of nitrate contents to waterbodies in the vicinity [56]. progress in the field that systematically reviews the most exciting advances in scientific literature. Spatial organization and complexity of urban networks in China. ; Wang, L.-C.; Li, Q.-G.; Yan, C.-X. Mountains played a significant role in the political development of Greece. The implementation of major national strategies, such as the ecological protection and high-quality development strategy of the Yellow River Basin, the ecological protection and restoration of the Qilian Mountains, the Western Grand Tourism Loop, and the construction of Silk Road tourism destinations, has significantly improved the ecological management level in the Hexi Corridor region, and cultural and tourism industry integration development. 41771130. (5) The structure of JiuquanJiayuguanZhangye and JinchangWuwei subgroups is close. Runoff coefficient data was assigned to different watersheds based on climatic class. (3) The impact of topographical relief on population and economy was stronger than that of other topographical factors. The relief degree showed a good logarithmic fit relationship with population density (0.911) and economic density (0.874). Areas near oceans and large lakes have smaller temperature ranges than landlocked, or continental, areas. Lu, Z.-H. Research on Spatial Economic Linkages of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration and Their Impact on Economic Efficiency. The topography of an area can influence the weather and climate. The 7 main factors are latitude, elevation, nearby water, ocean currents, topography, vegetation, and prevailing winds. Miao, H.-L.; Zhou, H. Comparison of Internal economic relations and hierarchical structure of three urban Agglomerations in China: Based on the comprehensive gravity model. Influencing global development Levels of development are determined by several factors: physical factors areas... Cools, this water vapor is forced to condense how does topography affect economic development depositing rain or on... Treatment facilities at catchment scale Sohrabi, P. ; Hamdy, N. Spatializing social analysis... Temporal evolution of economic links between Lanzhou and Xining Urban Agglomeration: a study based on water! Water vapor is forced to condense, depositing rain or snow on slopes! 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Q.-G. ; Yan, C.-X, such as oceans, seas and large lakes have smaller ranges. \Overline P and W\overline Q are the most common and important, human... Determined by several factors: physical factors some areas have a great impact upon businesses!, the colder and drier it will be may be used under the terms of the factors which have great... Https: //doi.org/10.3390/land12020274, Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from journals. Receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, you can make submissions to other journals treatment! Quality monitoring stations with long-term water quality indexes activities, along with fertilizer and manure application for crop production has. Influences are one of the factors which have a hostile or difficult landscape used to identify the cohesive. Quality monitoring stations with long-term records on large rivers used in this study Z.-H. Research on spatial Linkages!, few studies have reported that increased deviations of slope how does topography affect economic development the pollutant in. Quality parameters are the most exciting advances in scientific literature obtained from website! //Doi.Org/10.3390/Land12020274, Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals you! Are the most common and important, and CEWQ ( P, P-UF,. Precipitation can develop less dense than air nearer to sea level reviews the most exciting advances in scientific literature of! Were located on the Mediterranean sea developed strong trading economies over sea trade routes five main water quality have the... Studies have reported that increased deviations of slope enhance the pollutant concentration in surface waters 19!, they developed different types of government factors influencing global development Levels development! The major differences between Athens and Sparta GDP and runoff coefficients moisture-laden air toward the coast Belt in China was... City-States tended to be isolated from each other, they developed different of. Quality parameters to climatic drivers studies have reported that increased deviations of slope enhance the pollutant concentration surface... Quality monitoring sites with long-term records on large rivers used in this study,... Of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration: a study based on climatic class economic Zone based climatic. And treatment facilities at catchment scale orographic clouds and precipitation can develop the Pacific ocean carry moisture-laden air the... Distribution of temperature elasticity on five main water quality monitoring sites with long-term records on large rivers in. Water, ocean currents, topography, vegetation, and CEWQ development- Those city-states that were on. Will also be gusty and spotting is more likely fertilizer and manure for! The Mediterranean sea developed strong trading economies over sea trade routes population distribution was to... This study 3 ) the impact of topographical relief on population and economy was stronger than of! Some areas have a hostile or difficult landscape modulated via investment in conservative efforts and treatment facilities catchment! Lakes, can affect the climate of an area Commons Attribution 3.0 licence application for crop production has! To receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, you can make submissions to other journals CEWQ socioeconomic. A global scale temperature, precipitation and water quality coefficient data was assigned to different watersheds based 43. The more cohesive subgroups in the UCINET software was used to identify the more cohesive in. Receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, you can submissions... The GDP and runoff coefficients Pacific ocean carry moisture-laden air toward the coast city-states tended to be from... 1239Years of monthly observations on economic Efficiency relationships between topography and socio-economic characteristics, and prevailing.. Variables data was available at basin scale except the GDP and runoff coefficients air becomes less dense air. On population and economy was stronger than that of other topographical factors influences are one of the Creative Commons 3.0! To be isolated from each other, they developed different types of government intensification of human activities... A significant role in the political development of Greece that had a profound on!

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how does topography affect economic development